New measurements of cosmic ray air showers with the digital radio interferometer LOPES

Schröder, F. G.; Apel, W. D.; Arteaga, J. C.; Asch, T.; Bähren, L.; Bekk, K.; Bertaina, M.; Biermann, P. L.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I. M.; Buchholz, P.; Buitink, S.; Cantoni, E.; Chiavassa, A.; Daumiller, K.; Souza, V. de; Doll, P.; Engel, R.; Falcke, H.; Finger, M.; Fuhrmann, D.; Gemmeke, H.; Grupen, C.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Hörandel, J. R.; Horneffer, A.; Huber, D.; Huege, T.; Isar, P. G.; Kampert, K.-H.; Kang, D.; Krömer, O.; Kuijpers, J.; Lafebre, S.; Link, K.; Łuczak, P.; Ludwig, M.; Mathes, H.J.; Melissas, M.; Morello, C.; Nehls, S.; Oehlschläger, J.; Palmieri, N.; Pierog, T.; Rautenberg, J.; Rebel, H.; Roth, M.; Rühle, C.; Saftoiu, A.; Schieler, H.; Schmidt, A.; Sima, O.; Toma, G.; Trinchero, G. C.; Weindl, A.; Wochele, J.; Wommer, M.; Zabierowski, J.; Zensus, J. A.

doi:doi:10.5194/astra-7-303-2011

Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans., 7, 303-306, 2011
www.astrophys-space-sci-trans.net/7/303/2011/
doi:10.5194/astra-7-303-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Volume 7, issue 3

31 Aug 2011

New measurements of cosmic ray air showers with the digital radio interferometer LOPES
F. G. Schröder¹, W. D. Apel¹, J. C. Arteaga^2,a, T. Asch³, L. Bähren⁴, K. Bekk¹, M. Bertaina⁵, P. L. Biermann⁶, J. Blümer^1,2, H. Bozdog¹, I. M. Brancus⁷, P. Buchholz⁸, S. Buitink⁴, E. Cantoni^5,9, A. Chiavassa⁵, K. Daumiller¹, V. de Souza^2,b, P. Doll¹, R. Engel¹, H. Falcke^4,10, M. Finger¹, D. Fuhrmann¹¹, H. Gemmeke³, C. Grupen⁸, A. Haungs¹, D. Heck¹, J. R. Hörandel⁴, A. Horneffer⁴, D. Huber², T. Huege¹, P. G. Isar^1,c, K.-H. Kampert¹¹, D. Kang², O. Krömer³, J. Kuijpers⁴, S. Lafebre⁴, K. Link², P. Łuczak¹², M. Ludwig², H.J. Mathes¹, M. Melissas², C. Morello⁹, S. Nehls¹, J. Oehlschläger¹, N. Palmieri², T. Pierog¹, J. Rautenberg¹¹, H. Rebel¹, M. Roth¹, C. Rühle³, A. Saftoiu⁷, H. Schieler¹, A. Schmidt³, O. Sima¹³, G. Toma⁷, G. C. Trinchero⁹, A. Weindl¹, J. Wochele¹, M. Wommer¹, J. Zabierowski¹², and J. A. Zensus⁶
¹Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - Campus North, Institut für Kernphysik, Germany
²Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - Campus South, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Germany
³Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - Campus North, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Germany
⁴Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Astrophysics, The Netherlands
⁵Dipartimento di Fisica Generale dell' Universita Torino, Italy
⁶Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn, Germany
⁷National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
⁸Universität Siegen, Fachbereich Physik, Germany
⁹INAF Torino, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Italy
¹⁰ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
¹¹Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich Physik, Germany
¹²Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Łódź, Poland
¹³University of Bucharest, Department of Physics, Bucharest, Romania
^anow at: Universidad Michoacana, Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Mexico
^bnow at: Universidade São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Brasil
^cnow at: Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Romania

Received: 18 Oct 2010 – Revised: 03 May 2011 – Accepted: 10 May 2011 – Published: 31 Aug 2011

Abstract. LOPES is a digital radio interferometer which measures the radio emission of extensive cosmic ray air showers. It mainly consists of 30 dipole antennas installed in co-location with KASCADE-Grande at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany. KASCADE-Grande measures the secondary air shower particles at ground. Whenever KASCADE-Grande detects a high-energy cosmic ray event (≳10¹⁶ eV), it triggers LOPES which then digitally records the radio signal in the frequency band from 40 to 80 MHz. Using interferometric methods, LOPES is able to successfully detect air shower induced radio pulses, even in the noisy environment at the KIT. In the present studies, a considerable progress in understanding the radio emission mechanism is shown: The latest version of the "radio emission in air shower" simulation program, REAS3, seems to be the first Monte Carlo tool which is able to reproduce the magnitude and slope of most of the measured lateral distributions.

Citation: Schröder, F. G., Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Asch, T., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J. A.: New measurements of cosmic ray air showers with the digital radio interferometer LOPES, Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans., 7, 303-306, doi:10.5194/astra-7-303-2011, 2011.

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